【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
语法复习（4）
教学内容讲解：
一. 定冠词
（一）定冠词常置于名词前，起特指等作用。
（二）不用冠词的场合
|
零冠词 |
示例 |
|
复数名词指一类人或事物时 |
Elephants are heavier than horses. She and I are students. |
|
名词前已有物主代词、指示代词等限定词时 |
My sister has never been to that place. |
|
专有名词、抽象名词、物质名词前 |
I love music. / |
|
节日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前 |
Tree Planting Day; on Sunday; in April; in winter |
|
三顿饭和球类运动前 |
I don’t play football before I have supper. |
|
重叠运用的名词短语之前 |
neck and neck; hour after hour; sentence by sentence |
|
称呼或表示职务的名词前 |
Grandma, Comrade Li He thought he was “king of the match”. |
|
在一些习惯用语中 |
at home, by train, go to bed, etc. |
（三）短语辨析
1. in hospital住院
in the hospital在医院里
2. in bed（躺、病、睡）在床上
on the bed在床上
3. in class在上课
in the class在班上
4. at table在进餐
at the table在桌旁/边
5. in front of在……前面
in the font of在……前面（内部）
6. go to school上学
go to the school到学校去
7. at school在上学
at the school在学校里
8. by sea乘船
by the sea在海边
9. go to bed去睡觉
go to the bed到那张床边
10. go to hospital去看病
go to the hospital去医院
11. next year/ week/ month/ season来年、下周、下个月/季节
the next year/ week/ month/ season第二年/周/月/季节
12. a teacher and writer老师兼作家（一个人）
a teacher and a writer老师和作家（两个人）
13. a large and beautiful country一个大而美丽的国家
a large and a beautiful country一个大的和一个美丽的国家（两个）
14. by car/ by bus乘坐小汽车、公共汽车
by the car/ bus在小汽车、公共汽车旁边
15. on top of在……之上
at the top of在……上部/端
16. on earth到底、究竟
on the earth在地球上
17. on watch值日、当班
on the watch注意、当心
18. at night在晚上
in the night在夜间
二. 情态动词的基本用法
|
情态动词 |
用法 |
例句 |
|
can（could） |
表示“能力”。can强调客观，be able to强调主观努力。 |
I can’t pay you today. Can you wait till tomorrow? Difficulties can and must be overcome. Although the pilot was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened. can’t help doing（禁不住作某事） |
|
be able to |
代替may，表示“允许” |
He says I can take a day off whenever I want. On Sundays we could（＝were allowed to）stay up late. |
|
may |
表示“许可”或征询对方意见，表示“不可以、禁止”则用mustn’t代替。 |
A police officer may（＝has the right to）ask a driver to take a breath test when necessary. |
|
might |
may还可表示“祝愿”。 |
May you be happy! May you succeed! |
|
must have to |
表示义务，即“必须、应该”；must表示由说话人赋予的义务；have to则表示客观条件要求必须做某事；回答must的否定则用needn’t/ don’t have to。 |
Mother: You must wear a dress tonight. You mustn’t go to the opera in those dreadful jeans. Small boy: I have to wipe my feet every time I come in. |
|
need |
表示需要，是指现在或将来，只用于否定句或疑问句中。肯定句一般是实义动词。 |
Doctor: You needn’t go on a diet; but you must eat sensibly and you mustn’t overeat. I need to know the exact size.（实义动词） Your hair needs to be cut/ needs cutting.（实义动词） |
|
dare |
表示“敢”，指现在或过去。 |
I dare not mention their names. How dare you open my letters? |
|
shall |
shall表示征询意见，用于第一人称疑问句中。 |
Shall we all go to the film tonight? Shall we take umbrellas with us? |
|
with |
表示“意志、意愿”，用于各种人称。 |
Do what you will. Will you help me with this package? Would you mind...? Would you like some cake or biscuit? would rather do A than do B（宁愿做A而不愿做B） |
|
would |
表示“请求”，征询对方意愿或提出请求，用于第二人称的疑问句中。 |
Will you have some tea? Will you take your seats, please? Would you go with me? |
三. 时态的呼应
宾语从句和状语从句的时态往往要和主句时态呼应。如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的谓语动词也必须是过去的某种时态：
四. 非谓语动词（动词不定式和动名词）
动词不定式在句中不但能作除谓语以外的一切成分，还能在句中保持动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语。
（一）不定式的句法功能
（二）不定式与动名词作宾语
（三）不定式与V-ing作宾语补足语
不定式和V-ing作宾语补足语时，前者意味着动作已发生或完成，后者意味着动作“在进行”。
（四）常见搭配
后接不定式的短语
be ready/ sure/ able/ afraid/ going to do sth., get ready to do sth., too...to do sth., enough to do sth., can not wait to do sth., prefer to do sth., why not do sth., had better do sth.等。
后接V-ing的短语
be busy doing sth., keep（on）doing sth., spend...（in）doing sth., feel like doing, What/ How about doing sth., stop...from doing sth., thanks for doing sth., can not help doing sth.等。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一、冠词：
1. _________ book on the desk is _________ useful one.
A. The; an B. A; a C. The; a D. The; /
2. One morning he found a bag. There was __________“s”on the corner of _________ bag.
A. a; a B. a; the C. an; a D. an; the
3. ___________ tiger is ____________ dangerous animal.
A. A; a B. A; the C. The; a D. The; an
4. I don’t know which one I prefer, __________ big one or __________ small.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; a D. a; the
5. Did you enter for ___________ high jump or _________ 400-meter race?
A. an; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
6. Jim likes to play __________ football and was on _________ school team.
A. /; the B. /; / C. the; the D. a; a
7. This is _________ pear. It’s not _________ apple.
A. a; a B. a; an C. an; a D. an; an
8. In my opinion,
A. an B. the C. a D. /
9. There is __________ park in the center of the city.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
10. __________ more money you make, _______________ more you spend.
A. The; the B. The; a C. A; a D. A; the
11. Remember, I’ll be waiting for you at ________ gate of ________ cinema at seven in _________ evening.
A. the; the; the B. a; the; an
C. the; a; an D. the; a; the
12. There’s _________ apple on the table. ___________ apple is for my little brother.
A. a; An B. an; An C. the; An D. an; The
二、情态动词：
1. When the lights are red the traffic ____________ stop. Then you ________ cross.
A. must; can B. should; should
C. have to; must D. can; can
2. －________ you play basketball with us?
－Sorry, I ___________. I __________ help my mother with the housework.
A. Will; won’t; must B. Could; couldn’t; could
C. Can; can’t; have to D. May; mayn’t; must
3. Uncle Wang is not here. He ___________ be working in the garden.
A. can B. must
C. shall D. may
4. You __________ return the radio now. You ________ keep it until tomorrow.
A. needn’t; can B. can’t; can
C. mustn’t; may D. may; should
5. The man is poor; he _________ buy the car.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. may not
6. The teacher ________ in the office. The lights in it are still on.
A. may be B. can be C. must be D. need be
7. Lucy __________ ill. I saw her playing games just now.
A. mustn’t be B. can’t be C. needn’t be D. may not be
8. You _________ hand it in at once, you may hand it in tomorrow.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
9. You ________ be more careful next time.
A. have to B. may C. must D. will
10. －________ I take the newspaper away?
－No, you _________. You ___________ only read it here.
A. Must; mustn’t; must B. May; mustn’t; can
C. Need; mustn’t; need D. Can; needn’t; may
11. The taxi __________ only hold six passengers. It’s full. You _________ take the next one.
A. may; may B. can; may C. may; can D. must; can
12. Oh, the milk ___________ strange –– do you think it’s OK to drink?
A. was tasted B. tasted C. is tasting D. tastes
13. Pizza is ready now, and it ___________ nice. Would you like some?
A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. goes
14. The song _________ quite beautiful. Please record it for me.
A. hears B. sounds C. listens D. is heard
15. Oh, your forehead _________ hot. Go to the doctor at once.
A. feels B. touches C. felt D. falls
三、时态的呼应：
1. Jacob’s train _________ at 3：00 tomorrow afternoon, so we _________ him at the railway station.
A. will arrive; would meet B. will arrive; met
C. arrives; will meet D. arrives; met
2. These pictures ___________ when we took a trip to
A. took B. will take C. were taken D. will be taken
3. Father doesn’t tell me when he ___________. I’ll telephone you as soon as he _______.
A. will come; comes B. will come; will come
C. comes; will come D. comes; comes
4. Tom ____________ football when Mr. Fat found him on the playground.
A. will play B. was playing C. has played D. plays
5. Mr. Brown ________ to
A. goes; was B. has gone; has been
C. has left; will be D. has visited; has gone
6. All mobile phones must ____________ during the meeting ________ we can hear the report clearly.
A. keep away; ever since B. not open; until
C. be kept closed; if D. be turned off; so that
7. Amy, you may go skating after your homework _________.
A. has finished B. will finish
C. is finished D. was finished
四、非谓语动词：
（一）单选
1. “How _________ your trip to the country?”
“Not bad. And it was lovely _________ grandpa again.”
A. is; see B. does; saw C. nice; to seeing D. was; to see
2. －Are you going to dive now?
－No, I’d prefer __________ because we don’t know the depth of the water.
A. not to B. to go C. like to D. going
3. My wife often forgets _________ the door, but she remembered _________ it when she left yesterday.
A. closing; close B. to close; close
C. closing; to close D. to close; closing
4. I’ll be sorry _________
A. to leave B. to live C. staying in D. visiting
5. The naughty boys were made _________ their maths homework the next day.
A. handing up B. hand out
C. to hand in D. to handing off
6. －Why didn’t you buy any bread on your way home?
－Sorry. I forgot ___________ some money with me.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes
7. She would not let him ____________ any housework at all.
A. to do B. do C. doing D. does
8. Will you please ___________ me __________ this evening, Meimei?
A. to help; to wash clothes B. to help; cook supper
C. help; with the cooking D. help; doing some washing
9. Could you show us __________ a bike?
A. how to mend B. what to buy
C. where to go D. how many to buy
10. Miss Gao asked Lin Tao __________ to the blackboard.
A. came B. comes C. coming D. to come
11. Mother told me ___________ some clothes last night.
A. wash B. to wash C. washed D. washing
12. Let’s __________ a talk about learning Chinese.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
13. －Where can we get a volleyball?
－Let’s _________.
A. lend one from John B. lend John one
C. borrow one of John D. borrow one from John
14. I hope you __________ to me again.
A. to write B. will write C. wrote D. writing
15. Kate spent most of her free time __________ TV plays.
A. watch B. watched C. to watch D. watching
16. The children are often asked _________ loudly in the library. They must keep quiet.
A. to speak B. not to speak C. don’t speak D. not speak
17. The teacher told us __________.
A. don’t play on the road B. not be late again
C. come to school on foot D. to cross the road carefully
18. Thank you for __________ me so much help.
A. to give B. give C. giving D. gave
19. －I’m sorry I ___________ my homework at home.
－That’s all right. Don’t forget ______________ it to school this afternoon.
A. forget; to take B. forget; to bring C. left; to take D. left; to bring
20. －Why shall we start so early tomorrow morning?
－To __________ the top of the hill before the sun rises.
A. spend B. reach C. go D. get
（二）用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Sometimes we find her ________（drive）the tractor on the farm.
2. Li Lei is asking his uncle, an English teacher, _______（help）him think of a foreign name.
3. －Hi! Li Hong. I didn’t see you at the party.
－Oh, I was busy ________（get）ready for the coming exams.
4. Why did you keep your brother _________（wait）for a long time that evening?
5. When they met again, they were too excited ________（say）a word.
6. He didn’t finish __________（write）the book until last week.
7. My watch doesn’t work. It needs __________（repair）.
8. How much time did you spend _________（watch）TV last night?
9. Though he often made his deskmate ___________（cry）, today he was made ________（cry）by his deskmate.
10. There are a number of students waiting to get _________（examine）.
五、完形填空：
The New York City Marathon
was started by a man named Fred Lebow. It began in 1970 as a small 1 race. Only 127 people ran, and just 55 of
them 2 . They ran around
Today people come from all over the world to 6 the marathon. 7 must be at least 18 years old, but there is no age limit. In fact the 8 runner was an 89-year-old man. Recently, more than 27,000 people ran in the New York City Marathon. Large crowds 9 the runners and offered the participants（参加者） 10 and encouragement.
The course of the marathon
has changed, too. The marathon 11 at the base of the Verrazano narrow
Bridge in
In the fall of 1992, Fred Lebow, the 15 of the New York City Marathon, 16 ran his 17 race. He was very 18 with cancer, but he did not want to 19 running. In October 1994, Fred died. However, the New York City Marathon, and all 20 excitement, will continue for many years to come.
（ ）1. A. important B. popular C. excellent D. unimportant
（ ）2. A. continued B. failed C. finished D. won
（ ）3. A. times B. miles C. days D. kilometers
（ ）4. A. Many people B. Few people C. Large crowds D. The whole city
（ ）5. A. in B. during C. since D. over
（ ）6. A. run in B. work for C. cheer D. watch
（ ）7. A. Servants B. Workers C. Runners D. Visitors
（ ）8. A. youngest B. oldest C. best D. fastest
（ ）9. A. helped B. served C. controlled D. cheered
（ ）10. A. fast food B. coffee C. cold drinks D. tea
（ ）11. A. begins B. ends C. winds D. continues
（ ）12. A. pauses B. arrives at C. finishes in D. reaches
（ ）13. A. trip B. course C. travel D. journey
（ ）14. A. makes B. gives C. allows D. takes
（ ）15. A. founder B. lover C. joiner D. supporter
（ ）16. A. swiftly B. slowly C. fast D. quickly
（ ）17. A. first B. eleventh C. last D. twelfth
（ ）18. A. easy B. serious C. strict D. ill
（ ）19. A. stop B. start C. go on D. join in
（ ）20. A. his B. its C. their D. our
六、阅读理解
Why don’t birds get lost on their long flights from one place to another? Scientists have puzzled over this question for many years. Now they are beginning to fill in the blanks.
Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely（依赖）on the sun to guide them during daylight hours. But what about birds that fly at night? Tests with artificial（人造的）stars have proved that certain night-flying birds are able to follow the stars on their long-distance flights.
A dove had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a natural sky. Yet it showed an inborn ability to use the stars for guidance. The bird’s cage was placed under an artificial star filled sky. The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins. Any change in the position of the make-believe stars caused a change in the direction of his flight.
Scientists think that doves, when flying in daylight, use the sun for guidance. But the stars are obviously their principal（主要的）means of navigation（or flying）. What do they do when the stars are hidden by clouds? Obviously, they find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coastlines, and river courses. But when it’s too dark to see these, the doves circle helplessly, unable to get their bearings（方位）.
（ ）1. The reason why birds don’t get lost on long flights __________.
A. is known by everybody B. still remains a mystery
C. has been discovered recently D. has been known to scientists for years
（ ）2. Experiments showed that ________.
A. birds rely on the sun to guide them
B. birds rely on the stars to guide them
C. birds are likely to get lost if there aren’t artificial stars
D. day-flying birds rely on the sun while night-flying birds rely on the stars
（ ）3. The experiment on the dove indicated（表明）that _______.
A. a bird that has been caged will not fly long distances
B. some birds seem to follow the stars when they fly at night
C. a bird having spent its lifetime in a cage has to be taught how to navigate
D. birds can fly in the same direction as that taken by their cousins
（ ）4. Under artificial stars, the bird in the cage _________.
A. tried to fly in the same direction as birds not caged
B. changed direction when the position of the stars was changed
C. would not fly well
D. both A and B
（ ）5. In total darkness, doves __________.
A. circle helplessly B. use landmarks
C. find their way by clouds D. fly back home
【试题答案】
一. 冠词
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A
7. B 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. D
二. 情态动词
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. C
7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. D
13. A 14. B 15. A
三. 时态的呼应
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. C
四. 非谓语动词
（一）1. D 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. C
7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. D
13. D 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. C
19. D 20. B
（二）1. driving 2. to help 3. getting 4. waiting
5. to say 6. writing 7. repairing / to be repaired
8. watching 9. cry; to cry 10. examed
五. 完形填空
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A
7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. C
13. B 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. D
19. A 20. B
六. 阅读理解
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A