【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 2 Family
二. 教学重点：
1. 重点单词：
gather, topic, surround, pop, pretty,
messy, spare, arrangement, complete, grocery, huge, delicious, organize,
musician, current, humour, culture, knock, rhyme, litre, permission, extra,
medicine, wedding, independent, lamp
2. 重点短语：
hang around, come into use, keep in touch, even though, stand for
3. 重点句型：
①I wonder….
②May / Could / Can I …?
③Would you mind…?
4. 语法：
①状语从句
②主谓一致
二. I. 重难点解释：
1. gather vt, vi
（使）聚集，集合； 收集，搜集；推断；得结论；了解
The teacher gathered the pupils round
her. 老师把小学生们聚集在她周围。
“Children, gather round, and Miss Alice
will tell you a fable.”
“孩子们，大家聚拢点，爱丽丝小姐给你们讲个寓言故事。”
to gather information 搜集资料
Gather your toys up. 把你的玩具收拾起来。
I didn't gather much form the confused
story he told me.
他告诉我的故事挺乱的，我不怎么明白。
I gather she won the first prize, since
she came out of the hall with a crowd of reporters following her.
我猜想她是得头奖了,因为她从大厅里出来时后面跟着一群记者。
gather from从…推测，从…获悉
gather oneself up鼓起勇气，打起精神，集中全力
gather collect 都含“收集”, “聚集”的意思。
gather 系常用词，指“收集”，“聚集”，“集合在一起”，如：
The clouds are gathering.云在聚集。
collect 指“有计划、有选择地收集”，如：
He collects stamps.他集邮。
2. topic
n.（演讲的）论题，题目；（提纲）标题；（节、段的）主题
a good topic for a
composition一个好的作文题目
write on the topic of以…为题目而写
the topic of the day当前最受人注意的问题，话题
3. surround
Vt 环绕，围绕
The fence surrounds the school. 篱笆环绕着学校。
be surrounded with [by] 被…环绕着，周围都是…
4. pop n流行歌曲；通俗音乐
A pop group plays pop music. 流行歌曲明星演奏流行音乐。
vt, vi
The balloon popped. 气球砰地一声爆了。
His eyes popped in surprise. 他惊讶地睁大眼睛。
She's always popping in and out. 她总是进进出出。
5. pretty adj漂亮的；迷人的；可爱的
a pretty girl 漂亮的女孩
What a pretty dress your sister is wearing today!
你妹妹今天穿的衣服多漂亮!
She looks much prettier with long hair than with short hair.
她留长发比留短发时看上去标致得多。
adv 相当；颇
pretty well 相当好
It was a pretty serious accident. 这是一次相当严重的事故。
It will cost a pretty penny.这要花相当多的钱。
6. messy adj 凌乱的；不整洁的；肮脏的
a messy room 凌乱的房间
It's a messy business having a tooth
taken out.拔牙会弄得人很脏。
a messy situation难以对付的局面
I can't find anything on this messy
desk.
在这张堆放得乱七八糟的桌子上我什么也找不到。
She found herself in a messy spot.她发现自己陷入了窘境。
7. spare adj 备用的；多余的，剩余的
a spare tire 备用轮胎
spare cash 余款
If you have a spare bed, may I stay
tonight? 如果你有空床的话，今晚我可以留下吗？
Have you any spare time to help
me? 你有空帮助我吗？
You can sit here in your spare time and
read the carpet!空闲时你就坐在这里读地毯吧!
vt 节约，吝惜；不用，省掉；略而不说
spare no efforts [pains]不遗余力
spare no expense不惜工本 =spare sb. his life）饶某人一命
Can you spare the time to help me?你能抽出这段时间帮我吗?
Can you spare me this book for a while?
这本书能让我看一会儿吗?
Can you spare me a few litres of
petrol? 你能匀给我几公升汽油吗?
8. arrangement n.整顿，布置，排列；[常用复]安排，准备
to make arrangement for a party 为晚会做准备
come to an arrangement谈妥； 达成协议
make arrangement for为…做好准备； 为…做好安排
make arrangement with 与（某人）商定或约好，（和某人）达成协议；做好准备；做出安排
9. complete adj 完整的；全部的；结束的；完成的；终了的
This is a complete story. 这是一个完整的故事。
He was in complete accord with the verdict. 他完全同意此次裁决。
This year is now complete. 今年这一年到此结束。
vt 完美；使完整；完成
The work is not completed yet. 这个工作还未完成。
When will work on the highway be complete?高速公路什么时候能完工?
10. grocery n 食品杂货店
corner grocery 食品店，酒店
11. huge adj 巨大的；庞大的
a huge amount of food 大量的食物
The TV play was a huge success. 这部电视剧取得了巨大的成功。
huge系常用词，用于具体事物或人时，指“体积或数量大得超过一般情况”；用于抽象事物时，作“巨大的”、“无限的”解，如：an huge elephant大象。
12. delicious adj 美味的，可口的；美妙的，爽快的，极有趣的
a delicious meal美餐
13. organize vt 组织；构成，组成（亦作： organise）
Jane organized the party. She asked people to come and bought the food and drinks.
简组织了这个聚会。她请大家参加，并买了食品和饮料。
organize an army组编军队
organization n 组织；构造；机构；体制；团体；组织体
mass organization群众团体
Organization of American States美洲国家组织
14. musician n.音乐家
15. current adj 现时的；当今的；时下的；流通的；通用的；流行的
current English 当代英语
current money 通用的货币
go with the current of the times 顺应时代的潮流
Newspapers influence the current of thought.报纸影响思想潮流。
overcome current difficulties克服当前的困难
go with the current随波逐流
against the current逆流而行； 不同流俗
16. humour n 幽默，诙谐
have no sense of humo（u）r 缺乏幽默感
a man of humo（u）r 富有幽默感的人
black humo（u）r 黑色幽默（60年代美国新兴的一个文学流派）
dry humo（u）r 绷着脸说笑话
in a bad humo（u）r 情绪不好，不高兴
in a good humo（u）r 高兴，情绪很好
in （an） ill humo（u）r 不高兴，情绪不佳
in the humo（u）r for 有（做某事的）心情； 高兴…； 想…
17. culture n.文化，文明
ancient culture 古代文化
a man of culture 有教养的人
18. knock vt, vi 敲，击； 敲打；碰撞；
Please knock on the door. 请敲门。
Knock on the door before you enter.进屋之前要先敲门。
Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. 昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门。
I knocked over the glass and spit the water. 我打翻了杯子，水洒了。
Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.
有时我觉得这房子会被过往的飞机撞塌。
knock sb. on the head 打某人的头
knock down打[撞]倒； 驳倒 把…撞入
knock （up） against 碰撞； 同…冲突； 偶然遇见
knock in（把钉子）钉入
knock into把（某种知识）灌输给…与…相撞
knock out敲出，敲空（烟灰等） 击倒，打昏
knock over弄翻，打倒
knock up敲门叫醒
19. rhyme n
v 押韵，节奏
neither rhyme nor reason既无音韵又无情节； 杂乱无章； 一无可取
without rhyme or reason莫名其妙； 毫无道理
20. permission n 允许；准许；许可
You must ask permission if you want to
leave early.
如果你想早走的话，必须得到允许。
with （your） permission 如果（你）容许的话
grant permission 准许
ask for permission 请求许可
without permission 未经许可，擅自
You have my permission to leave. 你可以走了。
permit n 通行证，许可证，执照；v 许可，允许，准许
The facts permit no other explanation. 事实不容许有其它的解释。
Circumstances do not permit me to help you [my helping you].
情况不许可我帮助你。
I won't permit dogs in the house.我不许家里有狗。
permit allow let 都含“准许”的意思。
permit 和 allow 在许多情况下可以通用，但它较 allow 正式，含有“积极地、从正面地允许”的意义，如： They don't permit you to smoke.他们不允许你抽烟。
allow 指“并不反对”或“不加阻止”，偏重“默许”或“听任”，含义较消极，如：
Each passenger is allowed twenty-five kilogrammes of luggage.
每位旅客允许携带二十五公斤的行李。
let 是三个词中最不正式的，较口语化，而语意最弱，指“给予可能或同意”，有时含“难以阻止或限制”之意，如： Let him wait.让他等一等。
21. extra adj, adv 特别的（地）；额外的（地）
Can I have extra time to finish my work?
我能有额外的时间来完成我的工作吗？
Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra $
然后，他微笑着告诉我，我每年将得到一百镑额外收益。
Dinner costs $80, and wine is extra.饭菜是八十美元，酒费另收。
Children were extra glad to see the foreign visitors. 孩子们见到外国客人高兴极了。
22. medicine n 药，医学
A person who wants to become a doctor has to study medicine.
一个想当医生的人得学习医学。
get some [a taste] of one's own medicine 遭报应
give sb. a taste [dose] of one's own medicine [口]以其人之道 还治其人之身
23. wedding n 婚礼
I'm going to my brother's wedding tomorrow. 我明天参加我兄弟的婚礼。
It will be a large church wedding.那将是一次大型的教堂式婚礼。
diamond wedding 钻石婚礼（结婚六十周年或七十五周年纪念）
golden wedding 金婚（结婚五十周年纪念）
silver wedding 银婚（结婚二十五周年纪念）
tin wedding 锡婚（结婚十周年纪念）
wooden wedding 木婚（结婚五周年纪念）
24. independent adj
①（常与of连用）独立的；自立的
an independent thinker 独立的思想家
②不工作而能生活的
He was an independent income. 他有一份不必工作而能维持生活的收入。
③自主的；自决的
Although she is young, she is very independent. 虽然她很年轻，但是很有主见。
④独立的（国家）
Zimbabwe became independent in 1980.津巴布韦于一九八○年独立。
be independent of one's parents 不依赖父母而自立
be independent of 与…无关；不依赖；不取决于；不受…限制[制约]
25. lamp n 灯 vt 照亮
She turned her hot lamps on me. 她将她火辣辣的眼睛转向我。
What he said is a lamp to my feet. 他的话给我指明了前进的方向。
II. 重点短语：
1.
hang around 闲待着，终日无所事事 闲荡；缓缓行走
He hung around outside my
house. 他在我家房子外面转悠。
Don't hang about—we have a train to catch! 别磨磨蹭蹭了，我们还要赶火车呢!
2. come into use 开始被使用
3. keep in touch v 保持联络
get in touch 与…取得联系
lose touch of 与…失去联系
be in touch of 与…有联系
out of touch of 与…无联系
4. even though 即使，尽管
引导让步状语从句，相当于even if
5. stand for 代表
III. 重点句型：
①I wonder….
我纳闷…； 我想知道…
②May / Could / Can I …?
我可以…么？
③Would you mind…?
你介意…？你在乎…吗？
状语从句
1. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
2. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如…”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2）as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的”，例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
3. 原因状语从句
比较：because, since, as和for
1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
4. 目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
5. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
（so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that与such…that之间的转换即为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
6. 条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
［典型例题］
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if D. or
答案A。 句意：除非你立即走，否则你就会迟到的。可转化为 If you leave immediately, you will be late. B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late
7. 让步状语从句
though, although
注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 （谚语）
［典型例题］
1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。
2）as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：
a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
3）ever if, even though 即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4）whether…or 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5）“no matter +疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given.
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
8. 比较while, when, as
1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3）从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
9. 时间状语从句
1）when, while, as 引导
when 引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词
while 引导的从句中必须是延续性动词，同时它强调与主句的谓语动词的动作同时发生，常用进行时
as引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，它强调从句和主句的谓语动词动作同时发生，从句中的谓语动词常常不用进行时。
2）until和till 引导
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句：
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
否定句：
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。
1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2）Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
（1）Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
（2）It is not until… that…
3）表示“一…就…”的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示“一…就…”的意思，例：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
4）every time, each time, whenever引导，意为：每当…
【模拟试题】（答题时间：70分钟）
A层次选题：（一）
1. ______ they had worked for along time, everyone looked tired.
A. While B. After C. Unless D. For
2. He has been a teacher ______ he came to the country.
A. since B. until C. as D. when
3. He has had to cook by himself ______ his mother went on business to Beijing.
A. during B. since C. after D. when
4. It is ten years ______ I saw you last year.
A. since B. when C. that D. if
5. He looked at the train moving out of the station ______ it had disappeared.
A. when B. until C. after D. since
6. ______ lessons were over, the children hurried out of the classroom.
A. Unless B. Until C. As soon as D. Since
7. You are not to leave ______ you are told.
A. until B. before C. unless D. all the above
8. The man put on a overcoat ______ keep himself warm.
A. that B. so that to C. in order that D. in order to
9. He has changed so much ______ I can hardly recognize him.
A. as B. so that C. that D. but
10. It is such a beautiful city ______ everyone likes it.
A. which B. so that C. that D. and
11. Wounded ______ he was, he refused to come back from the front.
A. as B. though C. although D. both A and B
12. ______ many difficulties are ahead, ______ we are sure to make greater achievements.
A. Although, yet B. Although, still
C. × , yet D. All the above
13. We'll both wait here ______ you get back.
A. so that B. that C. until D. for
14. The air pollution is very serious now, and it'll get worse, ______ the government does something to stop it.
A. if B. unless C. when D. except
15. ----Why do you drink so much coffee?
----Well , ______ it doesn't keep me awake in the nights, I see no harm in it.
A. although B. if C. unless D. while
16. You must get up early in the morning, ______ we'll have to start out without you.
A. and B. or C. but D. so that
17. Would you please wait ______ I come back.
A. if B. when C. because D. till
18. He couldn't come ______ he wanted to.
A. unless B. because C. although D. for
19. ______ you gave a party and no one come, what would you do?
A. Although B. If C. Unless D. When
20. John didn't get to the place ______ he had been caught by a heavy rain.
A. until B. if C. because D. although
A层次选题：（二）
1. John arrived ______ I was cooking the dinner.
A. as B. when C. while D. all the above
2. People do not know the value of health ______ they lose it.
A. till B. before C. after D. both A and B
3. He had left for England ______ the letter arrived.
A. till B. before C. since D. both A and B
4. ______ I have another chance , I shall do better.
A. If only B. Only C. Though D. In order that
5. I didn't help him, not ______ I was unwilling.
A. because B. since C. as D. for
6. We'd better hurry ______ it is getting late.
A. and B. but C. yet D. as
7. You should run the machine ______ the workers has shown you.
A. as B. and C. but D. so
8. You shall have the book ______ I have read it.
A. so that B. though C. as soon as D. since
9. ______ my mother was too busy to do the housework, I took her place instead.
A. Since B. Even though C. Or D. Wherever
10. The children are playing football in the ground, ______ it began to rain.
A. as B. while C. when D. that
11. I really wonder ______ he has posted me many parcels ______ we worked together.
A. how, after B. why, when
C. when, before D. why, since
12. ______ the desert can be called a sea, ______ the camels are the ships in the sea.
A. When, so B. If, then
C. Because, so D. If, so
13. ______ Mary has grown up, it doesn't mean that she can do what she likes.
A. Because B. After C. Although D. But
14. You'd better go home and close the window ______ the rain begins.
A. until B. before C. after D. when
15. He was about to leave ______ it began to rain.
A. until B. before C. after D. when
16. Most plants need sunlight just ______ we need food.
A. because B. when C. as D. for
17. One never expects his success to come ______ he decides to take up hard work.
A. while B. when C. until D. since
18. You'll be late for class ______ you hurry.
A. even B. if C. unless D. otherwise
19. ______ you talk to someone or write a message, you show your skills to others.
A. At times B. Every time C. By the time D. Some time
20. He got excited at the news, ______ I was calm.
A. when B. while C. because D. after
B层次选题：（一）
1. Just ______ he caught the ball there was a tearing sound.
A. when B. while C. till D. since
2. ----How long can I stay here?
----You can stay here ______ you like.
A. when B. before C. till D. as long as
3. ______ we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
A. So long as B. When C. After D. Although
4. ______ he came to town he would visited our school.
A. After B. When C. As D. While
5. I had walked a long way ______ I found my watch missing.
A. after B. before C. as D. while
6. They had not known each other three days ______ they began to quarrel.
A. after B. until C. when D. before
7. You won't find it difficult ______ you have mastered it.
A. before B. while C. once D. though
8. ______ the sun rises , all the stars in the sky disappear.
A. The moment B. Before C. Till D. For
9. It is nearly 50 years ______ the People's Republic of China was founded.
A. after B. before C. when D. since
10. We'll build a power station ______ water resources are plentiful.
A. where B. in which C. which D. that
11. He'll be happy ______ he may be.
A. when B. if C. because D. wherever
12. It's got dark, ______ the street lights have turned on.
A. because B. since C. as D. for
13. Why not buy a cheaper one, ______ you don't have enough money?
A. since B. because C. for D. though
14. She had to go, ______ she wanted it or not.
A. whether B. where C. in which D. if
15. Try ______ he might, he couldn't get out of the difficulty.
A. when B. where C. till D. as
16. He always thinks I'm wrong, ______ I may say.
A. no matter whatever B. whatever
C. what D. that
17. I will never stop ______ they might like it.
A. no matter how B. how
C. what D. though
18. ______ , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
19. They always complete their task ______ great the difficulties may be.
A. whenever B. wherever C. however D. whatever
20. We made a decision ______ there would be rain, we should stay at home.
A. that B. if C. that if D. whether
B层次选题：（二）
1. Though he is young, ______ knows a lot.
A. yet he B. but he C. and he D. however he
2. The earth goes around the sun ______ the moon goes around the earth.
A. so that B. just like C. just as D. as how
3. ______ you are so weak, you'd better stay at home.
A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though
4. I usually watch TV in the evening ______ I have to study for an examination.
A. because B. unless C. while D. as soon as
5. ---- Is Mr Smith in the office?
----Yes, ______ _ he is in charge of the office, he must be there.
A. since B. however C. whether D. for
6. He must be ill, ______ he looks so pale.
A. because B. since C. as D. for
7. ______ he woke ______ slept, this subject is always in his mind.
A. If, and B. Both, and C. Either, or D. Whether, or
8. ______ he opened the window, a bird flew in.
A. Though B. The moment C. If D. Unless
9. It will not long ______ we can get rid of concern.
A. that B. after C. before D. until
10. He had disappeared in the darkness ______ I saw who he was.
A. before B. after C. till D. while
11. It is ten years ______ he has joined the army.
A. since B. after C. that D. when
12. Some people want to go hunting, ______ others want to go finishing.
A. or B. because C. while D. since
13. Bad habits, ______ formed, are difficult to get rid of.
A. and B. once C. or D. but
14. No matter ______ hard it may be, I'll carry it out.
A. what B. whatever C. how D. however
15. ______ often you ring, no one will answer.
A. How B. However C. Who D. That
16. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ______ Father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if
17. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ___, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
18. I shall ring you up ______ you should forget to come.
A. because B. for C. in case D. in order that
19. You may borrow the book ______ you keep it clean.
A. as long as B. when C. after D. unless
20. John plays football ______ , if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
【试题答案】
A层次选题：（一）
1. 选B。while表示主从句的动作同时发生，此句的两个动作却是一先一后。unless表示反是条件，但这两句并没有这种关系。for用做连词时可表原因，但它不能被置于句首。
2. 选A。since“到……以来”， until“到…为止”，两者都表示一个动作或状态的截止时间，前者只表示截止到现在，这正符合现在完成时的用法之一：延伸到现在，故since和现在完成时一起使用。而until所截止的时间可以是过去，也可以是将来，这是两者的根本区别。
3. 选 B。 during只能是介词，不能做连词。用 after和 when则时态不一致，即 has to had和 went不一致。
4. 选A。 it is +时间+since（从句通常用过去时），这是一个固定的句型。
5. 选 B。 when和 after在此同义，用在此处都不合逻辑。用 since则时态不对。
6. 选C。unless表示反是条件，在这里不成立。until引导的从句只能修饰延续动词或暂短动词的否定（实际上这时也变成了延续的了）， hurry out是暂短动词不能被 until状语所修饰。在这一点上 before的用法与之相同。但before的状语还可修饰暂短性的动词，如
Please wait until/before I come. （延续，用 before和 until均可）
I'll left before you come. （暂短，只能用 before）
7. 选D。A、B的区别见上一题的分析。用unless也成立。
8. 选 D。 that不能单独用来表示目的。 so that=in order that后接从句， so as to=in order to后接不定式，B项的形式是不存在的。
9. 选C。so+副/形+that在此处表程度。
10. 选C。such（a）+形+ 名+ that，这一句型在此也表程度。
11. 选D。
表语+as/though+主语（代词）+系动词
表语+as/though+系动词+主语（代词）这两个句型用来表让步（虽然）。
12. 选 D。 though不能和 but连用，但却可以和 yet， still连用，有时甚至只用 yet来连接两个句子，这时的 yet和 still都是连接副词。
13. 选C。 so that， that都可表示结果，但本句不能构成这种关系。 so that也可表示目的，这时从句大都有情态动词，如should，might，may，can等，此处看作目的也不妥。For作从属连词时只表原因，在这儿也不成立。
14. 选B。用unless主从句之间的关系成立。
15. 选A。此句意为，“咖啡虽不能使我精神起来，却也无害”。
16. 选B。 or是并列连词，表示隐含的否定条件，相当于if not，otherwise。
17. 选D。用A、B、C项，其逻辑关系均不能成立。
18. 选C。其余三项均不能构成正确的逻辑关系。
19. 选B。if引出一个与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。
20. 选C。两句话之间的关系是因果关系，故用because。
A层次选题：（二）
1. 选D。分析见本章语法说明。
2. 选D。分析见本章A层次试题（一）第6题。
3. 选B。till和since只能修饰延续性的动作或状态，不能修饰had let。在含有 before的时间状语从句中，其完成时用于主句或从句均可，意思上没有变化，如：
He had gone before I came.
He went before I had come.
4. 选 A。 if only可引导一个唯一条件状语从句，意为“只有”。 only不能做连词，而C、 D都不能构成正确的逻辑关系。
5. 选 A。有关这四个表原因连词的区别，详见本章语法说明。另外，只有 because才可以被其它词所修饰，如 partly because， just because等。
6. 选D。as表示明显的原因，同since同义。
7. 选A。as引出方式状语，意为“按照”。
8. 选C。其余三项均不成立。
9. 选A。since表原因，可置于句首。
10. 选 C。 when这里是并列连词，相当于just then，“就在这时”。 when的此种用法常带有一种突然性。
11. 选 D。 since作表示时间，“从……以来”。其余的三个连词 after， when和 before均不合时态一致的原则。
12. 选 B。 if…then可搭配使用，其余均不可， though…yet/still也属同类型。
13. 选C。只有选C句意才成立。
14. 选B。分析见上面第三题。其余三项均不合生活常规。
15. 选D。when同上面第10题同义。
16. 选C。as在此作“像……一样”解。
17. 选C。这时用while不当（参阅本章语法说明）。when在语法上并无错误，但不合实际，成功的到来并不是在你做出某种决定时到来，而是在这以后的相当长的一段时间才可能到来。since的时态和实际都不能为人接受。
18. 选C。用反是条件的unless句意才成立。
19. 选 B。 at times和 some times都只做副词用，不能连接句子。 by the time虽可做连词，但其意思为“到……之前”，这用在本句中显然不合情理。
20. 选B。while在此作but解，用于表示两个完全相反情况的对比。常译作“而”，“相反”。
B层次选题：（一）
1. 选A。分析见本章语法说明“时间状语从句”。
2. 选 D。 as long as=so long as，它们都可引导一个时间状语从句，意为“随便多长时间”它们都是由比较级演变而来。
3. 选A。用B项不当，因为这与客观实际不符。
4. 选A。主、从句两个动作不可能同时发生，故选A。
5. 选B。只有选B本句意思才清楚。意为“走了好长一段路，我才发现表丢了。”
6. 选 D。要注意，not实际否定的并不是谓语动词，而是时间状语three days，意即“达不到三天”。这种现象在英语中屡见不鲜。如：He did not come by bus。
7. 选 C。once是一个带有条件意味的时间连词，“一旦”。它同 as soon as一样都表示紧接在主句之后发生。before正与之相反，用在此处不合客观实际。
8. 选 A。这一名词短语也用做连词，与 as soon as同义。全句用了一般现在时，这是指一种自然现象，故用 B不当。till状语不能修饰终止性动词 disappear。for做连词是表原因，它不用于句首。
9. 选 D。“It is+时间+since过去时谓语”这是一种句型，其用法详见“时态”一章的语法说明。 A、B 项虽也是类似句型，但主句与从句的时态不一致。C项的when也是如此。
10. 选A。where从句实际上是一个地点状语从句，指build所发生的地点。如将where从句看作是定语从句，则意思不妥。
11. 选 D。 wherever=no matter when表示让步“无论在哪”。
12. 选D。for所表示的原因是一种附带的说明，故其语气相当弱。更主要的是，for不能表示直接的因果关系，即路灯亮了，不是造成天黑的直接原因。
13. 选A。用D项不合同意。A、B、C均表示原因。题中第二句话已经清楚地告诉我们，这个原因是说话和听话双方都已知道的事实，只有since才表示这种已明确了的事实。
14. 选A。“whether…or”引导让步从句，“不管……还是……”。
15. 选D。as引导意为“虽然”的状语从句时的用法，详见本章语法说明。
16. 选 B。“不论什么”。也可用 no matter what。A项将两者混用不对。
17. 选 A。how单独不能引导从句，本句意思是“不管你如何评价”。实际上它是“how do you like it”询问别人如何评价这一句型的变化。
18. 选 D。本题是97年的高考试题。本句并非疑问句， A、C语序不对。however修饰late一词，不能将二者分开，故B也错了。
19. 选C。however的用法同上，都修饰形容词。
20. 选C。这是一个比较复杂的复合同。that引导同位语从句，if是这个宾语从句中的一个条件状语从句，这时的that不可省略。
B层次选题：（二）
1. 选 A。 though虽不能与but连用，但都可以和 yet／still连用，这时yet／still是连接副词，这同 if…then 同理。
2. 选 C。as／just as 引出一个带有比喻意义的从句，“像”。 like在很正规的用法中不做连词，但在美国英语中却屡见不鲜。
3. 选A。分析参见B层次试题（一）第13题。
4. 选B。只有选B才合逻辑。
5. 选A。这一问一答有因果关系，但for表示原因时不置于句首。
6. 选D。他病了不是因为他面色苍白，故选for。
7. 选 D。whether…or，“不管……还是……”。如在第一句前加连词when，可以选C。
8. 选B。the moment=as soon as。
9. 选C。“It＋be+时间+before从句”是较常用的一个句型，如“It would be two days before he came back. ”（他两天以后回来，指在他回来之前的这段时间是两天。）
10. 选A。同B层次试题（一）第5题。这是before的一种特殊用法，“还没来得及……就”。这时主句所发生的动作常用完成时。
11. 选A。分析参见本书“时态”一章的语法说明和本章B层次试题第9题。
12. 选C。这两句话之间无法构成因果关系。while是指两个事物的相反或相对等情况的对比。“而”，“但是”。
13. 选 B。once“一旦”，相当于as soon as，在此处带有很重的条件意味。英语中的大部分连词都可以直接加分词，甚至形容词once也不例外。
14. 选C。no matter和B、C混用是错的。what不能修饰副词，故用how。no matter how=however。
15. 选B。“无论你怎么（经常）打电话”。其余三项都不能引导从句。
16. 选A。这是96年高考试题。as在这表示时间，相当于when，不能将其视为原因，做原因时不能被副词修饰，只有because可以。
17. 选D。这也是一高考试题。同上面第12题。
18. 选C。in case做反面目的，意思和否定的 in order that从句相同，意为“为了不”，“以免”。
19. 选A。so long as／as long as引导时间状语，与本章B层次试题（一）中第二题相同。
20. 选B，这是含有两个比较状语从句的复合句。它们是 better than David和 as well as David。意思是说，约翰踢足球，如果说不比大卫好的话，也和他一样，反正不比他差。