【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容:
Unit 2 English around the world
(一)重点单词
(二)重点短语
(三)重点句型
二. 知识精讲
(一)重点单词:
1. majority: n. 大多数,多半; 多数票
例:The boss accepted the majority of your advice.
老板接受了你的大部分建议。
He was elected by a large majority (of 730).
他以(730票的)多数票当选。
常构成短语 “the majority of + 名词(可数或不可数)”,作主语时谓语动词的形式取决于of 后的名词。若“the majority”单独作主语,谓语动词用单复数均可。
The majority of the machines in this factory are out of date.
这家工厂的大多数机器已落后。
The majority of your advice is very important.
你的大部分建议非常重要。
The majority was / were for the plan.
大多数人赞成这项计划。
即学即用:
When the headmaster spoke out his plan, the ______ of the students in the class _____ against it.
A. majority, were B. most , were C. most, did D. majority, did
(2)The people who were against the plan were _____ the majority at the meeting.
A. on B. in C. with D. for
答案:AB(解析:in the / a majority 是固定搭配,意思是“占多数”)
2. total: ① n. 总数,合计 可构成短语:in total 加起来,总计
例:In total, there are around 1,000 attending the meeting today.
今天总共有大约1000人参加会议。
② 作adj., 表示“总的,全部的,整个的”
例:The club has a total membership of about 300.
还可以表示“完全的,彻底的”
例:The room was in total darkness.
房间里一片漆黑。
We looked at each other for a moment in great surprise and total silence.
我们一时面面相觑,沉默不语。
③ vt. 总数为,加起来是……
The money left totals only $15. How can we get back home?
剩下的钱总共才15美元,我们怎么回家呢?
即学即用:The film made a_____ profit of $200,000.
A. whole B. all C. total D. entire
3. equal : ① adj. 相等的,同等的,平等的
例:Divide the food into 21 equal dishes.
把这些食品分成相等的21份。
be equal to :和……相等,相当于;胜任的
例:The law is equal to us all. 法律面前人人平等。
Bill is equal to manager of this department. 比尔能胜任这个部门经理的职位。
② n. 同等或平等的人或物
例:Women should be equals of men. 男女应该平等。
Our cars are the equal of those produced anywhere in the world.
我们的汽车可与世界上任何地方生产的汽车相媲美。
③ vt. 等于,和……相等;比得上
A meter equals 39.38 inches.
No one else in the restaurant equals his service.
这家餐馆里没有人能比得上他的服务。
4. native: ① adj. 意为“ 本国的,本族的,本地的”
例:He can’t speak his own native language well, let alone French.
他连自己的母语都讲不好,更别说法语了。
还可以表示“原产于某地的,土生土长的;当地的”
例:The tiger is native to
This shop sells native products. 这家商店出售土特产品。
② n. 意为 “本地人,本国人”
例:He is a
She speaks Italian like a native. 她的意大利语说得和意大利人一样。
5. compare: vt. 比较,比作
例:If you compare both of our cars, you’ll find they are very much alike.
比较一下我们的两部车子,你会发现它们彼此很相似。
常构成短语:compare … to … 把……比作……
compare … with … 把……与……相比
例:Teachers are often compared to gardeners while students flowers.
人们
Compare this with that, and you’ll find which is better.
把这个和那个比较,你就知道哪个更好了。
特别提醒: compared to / with … 作状语时,没有区别,都表示“与……相比”。
例:Compared to / with this one, that one is better. 和这个相比,那个更好一些。
即学即用:
(1)In his novels, he often compared one’s life _____ a river.
A. by B. with C. for D. to
(2)______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
答案:DD
6. replace: vt. ①替换,代替
例:Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.
课堂上老师永远不会被电脑取代。
It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
不吃正餐,改吃点心,这不是什么好主意。
② 把……放回原处
例:I replaced the cup carefully in the saucer.
我小心翼翼地将杯子放回茶托。
7. You must be very tired. Did you sleep at all on the plane?
你一定很累了。在飞机上睡觉了么?
must此处表推测,意思是“一定,准是”。must表猜测时只用于肯定句中,表达强烈的肯定推测,所说情况是事实或基本接近事实。
后常跟以下三种动词形式:
①must + do 表示对现在或将来的动作或状态的推测。
②must + be doing 表示对正进行的动作的推测。
③must + have done 表示对已完成或过去的动作或状态的推测。
例:He must be Mr.Yang. 他一定是
It must be a sunny day tomorrow. 明天准是个晴天。
He must be sleeping now. 他现在肯定在睡觉。
It must have rained last night. 昨天晚上一定下过雨。
8. For a long time the language in
△ stay 在此句中意为“保持”,是系动词,后面跟名词或形容词作表语。
例:They stayed friends for years. 他们的友谊保持了许多年。
The woman stayed awake all night because of the terrible sound.
由于这可怕的声音,这个妇人一整夜都没睡。
while 此处意为“然而”,是并列连词。用于对比或表示相反的情况。
例:I like coffee while he likes tea. 我喜欢喝咖啡,而他喜欢喝茶。
Some people respect him, while others look down on him.
有些人尊敬他,但有些人却看不起他。
即学即用:
(1) Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
(2) As we all know, birds can’t fly without wings _____ human beings can’t walk without legs.
A. which B. when C. while D. why
答案:BC
(二)重点短语:
1. However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million. 然而,把英语当作外语来学的人超过了7.5亿。
the number of … 意思是“……的数目”,其后跟复数名词,作主语时,句子的谓语动词用单数。
例:The number of students in my class is 68. 我们班有68个学生。
The number of students who go abroad is increasing. 出国学生的数量在增长。
另外一个短语 “a number of” 的意思是“许多”,修饰复数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。number 前可加 large , great, good 等词。
例:A large number of books have been stolen from the library.
图书馆被盗了很多书。
即学即用:
The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons.
A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were
答案:C
2. In
除了香港地区许多人把英语当作第一或第二语言外,中国学生都把英语作为外语来学习。
△ “except for” 意为“除……之外”。表示从整体中除去部分,对所说的基本情况在细节上加以修正。也就是肯定整体,否定部分。
例:Your composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.
你的作文很好,只是有几处拼写错误。
He is quite good-looking except for his nose.
除了鼻子,他长得挺好看。
except : “除去,除掉”,表示把除掉的部分排除在外,不包括在内。
例:Everybody except John was able to answer the question.
除了约翰之外,大家都能回答这个问题。
except 后还可接副词,介词短语或从句。
例:He always goes swimming in the river except in winter.
除了冬天,他总是在河里游泳。
He is a good man except that he has a hot temper.
他是个好人,只是脾气有些暴躁。(that不作成分,但一般不省略。)
She usually goes to school by bike except when it rains.
除了下雨,她经常骑自行车上学。
即学即用:
(1)I know nothing about the lady _____ she is from Beijing.
A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides
(2)—Could you please tell me more about the city ?
—Sorry, I’m a newcomer. I know nothing else _____ you know now.
A. except for B. but that C. except what D. except
答案:CC
△ besides 表示“除……之外还有”,句中常有other, else, also等。
例:There are three other people at the meeting besides Mr. Smith.
除
Besides English ,we also study politics, Chinese, maths and so on.
除英语外,我们还学习政治,语文,数学等。
序数词前加 “the” 强调顺序;前加 “a” , 不强调顺序,是“又一,再一”的意思。
例:I’ve eaten 2 apples, but I want a third one.
我已经吃了两个苹果,但还想再吃一个。
即学即用:
The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have _____ third one because _____ second one is rather too small.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
答案:C
3. How did these differences come about?
这些差异是怎么产生的呢?
come about 意为“发生,出现,造成”,没有被动语态。
例:Can you tell me how the accident came about ?
你能告诉我事故是怎么发生的吗?
How did it come about that he knew where we were ?
他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢?
拓展:come about, happen, take place, break out 都表示“发生”,都属于不及物动词,无被动语态。但用法不同:
(1)come about 指要求解释和说明事情发生的理由,常与how连用。
(2)happen 多指自发的未能预见的事情的发生,强调偶然性和意外性。
(3)take place 指事件和事故的发生是在预料中的,非偶然的,可以引申为按计划“进行,举行”。
(4)break out 指战争、火灾、疾病的“发生,爆发”。
例:Luckily, the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of the city but about 50 kilometers away.
1989年的地震幸亏没有发生在市中心,而是发生在离市中心50公里的地方。
The sports meet will take place next week. 运动会下周举行。
A fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。
4. There is no quick answer to this question. 这个问题没有直截了当的答案。
英语中名词与介词的搭配很复杂,没有太多规律可循,需要长期积累。与介词to 搭配,表示“……的”名词除了answer 之外,常用的词还有:
the reply to ……的回答,答复
the key to ……的钥匙/关键/答案
the attitude to ……的态度
the ticket to ……的门票
the entrance to ……的入口
the response to ……的反应,回答
5. At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with different words. 与此同时,英国英语和美国英语都开始借用外来词,结果导致用词差别。
△ at the same time 是个固定短语,意为“同时,一起”
例:Don’t all speak at the same time. 大家别同时说。
end up 意为“最终成为……,终归……”
例:If you don’t work hard, you will end up with failure.
如果你不努力学习,最终会失败。
If you continue to steal, you’ll end up in prison.
你要是继续行窃,终归会进监狱的。
At first they hated each other, but they ended up getting married.
他们起初相互仇恨,到后来却成了夫妻。
在此句中,“ending up with different words”是现在分词短语作结果状语。
6. However, most of the time people from the 2 countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other. 不过,两国人听对方说话,大多数时候没有理解上的困难。
“have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth.” 意为“做某事有困难”,difficulty 前常有some, any, no much, little 等词修饰。如果后面跟的是名词,就用短语 “have difficulty / trouble with sth.”。
例:I have some difficulty in studying English.
我学英语有些吃力。
I have much difficulty with English.
我学英语有很大困难。
即学即用:(1)Though she studies very hard in English, yet she has difficulty _____ her pronunciation.
A. in B. with C. on D. at
▲(2) You couldn’t know what trouble he had _____ the work.
A. finished B. to finish C. having finished D. finishing
▲(3) Do you know the difficulty he had _____ the work?
A. finished B. to finish C. having finished D. finishing
答案:BDD
7. a great/good many
表示“许多,大量”,后接可数名词复数形式。
Although he has a great many friends, he often feels lonely.
尽管他有许多朋友,但他经常感到很孤独。
区别:a great/good many of …
A great many of his friends have deserted him.
他的很多朋友都离开了他。
A good many of the books in the library have been lost.
图书馆里丢了很多书。
即学即用:_____ the buildings were knocked down in the earthquake.
A . A great many B. A number of C. A great many of D. A great deal of
答案:C
☆其他重要短语:
1. for the first time 首次,第一次
2. all the time 一路上,一直
3. make oneself at home 别客气
4. mother tongue 母语
5. develop into 发展成为……
6. have a good knowledge of 很好地掌握
7. more or less 或多或少,大体上
8. at the same time 同时
9. stay up 熬夜,不睡
10. the reason for ……的原因
(三)重点句型
1. What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom?
乔在浴室里找不到的是什么东西呢?
此句用了强调句式的特殊疑问句形式。
强调句式是:“It is / was +被强调部分+that / who(whom)…”
以“We met him in the park yesterday.”为例,强调句式需注意以下几点:
①be 动词只用is 或was ,没有数的变化。
→It was we who/that met him in the park yesterday. 昨天在公园遇到他的就是我们。
→It was him whom/that we met in the park yesterday. 昨天我们在公园遇到的就是他。
②当被强调的部分是人时,连接词既可以用who(whom),也可用that,其他情况则一律只用that。
→It was in the park that we met him yesterday. 昨天我们是在公园遇到他的。
→It was yesterday that we met him in the park. 我们就是昨天在公园遇到他的。
③强调句式的一般疑问句式为:Is / Was it + 被强调部分+ that …?
→Was it in the park that you met him yesterday? 你昨天是在公园遇到他的吗?
④强调句式的特殊疑问句式为:疑问词+ is / was it that …?
→Where was it that you met him yesterday? 你昨天是在哪儿遇到他的?
→When was it that you met him in the park? 你是什么时候在公园遇到他的?
总结:强调句式的特点是把强调句式的框架去掉之后,句子仍然完整。
即学即用:(1)Was_____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
(2) It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what, that B. that, that C. what, what D. that, what
(3) — _____ that he managed to get the information?
—Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
答案:AAC
2. With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
有那么多的人天天用英语沟通,熟练掌握英语会变得越来越重要。
with 的复合结构:“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”在句中可以作状语或定语。形容词、介词短语、副词、过去分词、动词不定式均可充当宾语补足语。
例:My father usually sleeps with the window open in summer.
夏天时我父亲经常开着窗睡觉。(伴随状语)
The city lies in a valley with high mountains all around it.
那座城市位于群山环抱的山谷中。 (后置定语)
With so many lights on, the square looks more beautiful.
如此多的灯亮着,广场看起来更漂亮了。(原因状语)
He was thinking for a while with his eyes closed.
他闭着眼睛思考了片刻。(伴随状语)
With nothing to do, I went out for a walk.
由于没有什么事情做,我到外面散步。(原因状语)
即学即用:将下列句子改成with结构:
(1)The meeting was over and the problem was settled.
→The meeting was over _____ _____ _____ _____.
(2)I can’t go with you as I have so many dishes to wash.
→____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ,I can’t go with you.
答案:with the problem settled ; With so many dishes to wash
单选:
(3)_____ the days going by, I realized I was wrong .
(4)_____ the days went by, I realized I was wrong.
A. As B. With C. While D. On
答案:BA
△ it 作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。
例:It is not easy to learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语是不容易的。
In
在中国,一家一个孩子是很普遍的。
3. That’s why the words colour, centre and traveller are spelt color, center and traveler in American English. 因此,colour、centre和traveller这些单词在美国英语里拼写作color、center和traveler。
辨析:That’s why … 和 That’s because…
这两个句型中why 和because 引导的从句为表语从句。前者意思是“那就是……的原因,那就是为什么……”,why 引导的从句表示结果;后者意为“那是因为……”,because 引导的从句表示原因。
例:He was caught in a traffic jam this morning. That’s why he was late.
他今天早晨遇到了交通堵塞,那就是他迟到的原因。
He was late this morning. That’s because he was caught in a traffic jam.
他今天早晨迟到了,那是因为他遇到了交通堵塞。
即学即用:It has rained for so many days. This is ____ there is much water here and there.
A. why B. because C. so D. that
答案:A
注意另外一个句型:The reason is that … 原因就是……
例:The reason why I didn’t go to
【典型例题】
1. There are _____ people singing and dancing in the park on May Day.
A. a great many of B. a good many C. the large number of D. a plenty of
2. I have no idea how it _____ that the man met with trouble again.
A. came about B. came out C. came up with D. came across
3. The storm died away at last with the golden waves _____ the shore in peace.
A. beat B. to beat C. beating D. beaten
4. I was late for work this morning and that was _____ I was caught in the traffic jam.
A. why B. how C. because D. because of
5. The suit fitted him well _____ the color was a little brighter.
A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides
6. _____ a headache sometimes, she feels fine recently.
A. But for B. Except for C. But D. Except
7. You don’t look a bit older than you did 5 years ago. How do you _____ so young?
A. change B. grow C. become D. stay
8. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ____ good knowledge of basic word formation.
A. \ B. the C. a D. one
答案:BACCB BDC
Unit 3 预习导学
(语法——直接引语和间接引语)
观察下列句子中直接引语和间接引语的转换,试着归纳总结其变化规律。
1. He said, “I’m going to
→ He said that he was going to Beijing.
2. He asked, “ Are you a teacher?”
→ He asked me if / whether I was a teacher.
3. She said, “ What are you doing?”
→ She asked me what I was doing.
4. “What a lovely girl (she is)!” they said.
→ They said that she was a lovely
girl.
5. “ Follow me,” she said to me.
→ She told me to follow her.
6. “Can you lend me a hand?” he asked.
→ He asked me to lend him a hand.
7. He said, “Let’s stay here till tomorrow.”
→ He suggested that we should stay there till the next day.
【模拟试题】(答题时间:60分钟)
Ⅰ. 单项填空:
1. —I haven’t found a job. I will have to stay with you for a few days.
—______.
A. Don’t worry B. Never mind
C. Please make yourself at home D. Sorry to hear that
2. The reason _____ he came late is _____ his bike broke down on the way.
A. that, which B. that, / C. why, that D. why, /
3. My desk-mate has some trouble _____ spelling words in English while I have some difficulty _____ pronunciation.
A. with, with B. in, with C. with, in D. in, in
4. I’ll never understand how it ___ that you were an hour late on such a short journey.
A. came across B. came about C. came into D. came along
5. _____ the students in our class is 50 and _____ them study hard.
A. The number of, the number of B. A number of, the number of
C. The number of, a number of D. A number of, a number of
6. The _____ of children in our class have brown eyes; only three have blue eyes.
A. majority B. most C. number D. plenty
7. There are a great many students on the playground. Some are playing basketball _____ others are just watching.
A. where B. when C. while D. but
8. Today many people keep pets _____ dogs, cats and even snakes.
A. as B. for example C. such as D. like
9. _____ English is ______ the same in both Britain and America.
A. Writing, more and less B. To write, more and more
C. Wrote , less or more D. Written, more or less
10. All his efforts in the competition ____ failure, which discouraged him and his family ____.
A. came across, in all B. ended up with , as well
C. brought in , in total D. led to , at last
11. Put on more clothes. You ____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
12. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
13. In the election, the black woman was elected by a large _____.
A. the most B. majority C. majority of D. most of
14. He answered all the questions _____ the last one.
A. except that B. except C. besides D. beside
15. All communication _____ the north has been stopped by snowstorms.
A. with B. for C. from D. to
Ⅱ. ﹡﹡完形填空:
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的四个选项中, 选出最佳选项.
Throughout the world, people are learning English. Some learn at school, others study by __1__. A few learn English by listening to __2__.
Why do all these people want to learn English? It’s ___3__ to answer this question. Many children learn English at school because it is one of their subjects. Some people learn English because it’s useful for their __4__. Many students often learn English for their ___5__education because at college some of the __6__ they will use are written __7__ English.
It is not __8__ to learn a foreign language. But there is __9__ difficult in the world if you __10__ your heart into it.
To learn English well. I think the __11__ way is to practice as a football player __12__ every day. The first step is to ___13__ the words that you use daily, simple everyday words __14__ “book” or “shoe” or “tree”. For example, whenever you __15__ a “book” you should think of it in English instead of in your mother language.
After you have learned to think of several words in English, then move on to the next step----thinking in __16__. Listening and repeating is a very useful __17__ to learn a language. Listen first and don’t care too much about __18__ you fully understand what you’re hearing. Try to repeat what you hear. The more you listen, the __19__ you’ll learn. After you reach a higher level, __20__ having conversations with others in English. This will lead you to think in English more.
1. A. himself B. oneself C. themselves D. ourselves
2. A. TV B. the teacher C. the radio D. others
3. A. simple B. hardly C. necessary D. difficult
4. A. work B. lessons C. pay D. power
5. A. lower B. longer C. shorter D. further
6. A. magazines B. books C. newspapers D. novels
7. A. in B. with C. on D. from
8. A. important B. hard C. useful D. easy
9. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. some
10. A. keep B. put C. take D. bring
11. A. best B. good C. useful D. short
12. A. studies B. does C. plays D. works
13. A. remember B. think of C. write D. speak
14. A. in B. about C. like D. from
15. A. buy B. keep C. borrow D. see
16. A. sentences B. passages C. lessons D. classes
17. A. idea B. step C. way D. plan
18. A. which B. whether C. how D. why
19. A. harder B. less C. later D. more
20. A. remember B. stop C. start D. finish
Ⅲ. 阅读理解:
﹡(一)
Below are 3 questions. Answer them instantly. You can’t take your time. Answer them immediately. No pencil or paper! OK? Let’s find out just how smart and clever you really are.
FIRST QUESTION: You are participating in a race. You overtake the second person. What position are you in?
ANSWER: If you answer that you are first, then you are absolutely wrong ! If you overtake the second person and you take his place, you are second!
Answer the second question, and don’t take as much time as you took for the first question.
SECOND QUESTION: If you overtake the last person in a race, then you are …?
ANSWER: If you answered that you are second to last, then you are wrong again. Tell me , how can you overtake the LAST person?!
LAST QUESTION: Mary’s father has five daughters: Nana, Nene, Nini, Nono. What is the name of the fifth daughter?
ANSWER: Nunu? Nane? Nena? NO NO ! Of course not. The fifth daughter’s name is Mary.
1. To get right answers to all the three questions, you need ______.
A. quick mind B. enough time C. a pencil D. paper
2. The underlined word “overtake”probably means “_____”.
A. beat B. defeat C. pass D. fall behind
3. According to Second Question, it’s _____ to overtake the last person in a race.
A. possible B. impossible C. easy D. hard
4. People can read this passage to _____.
A. learn more B. improve their thinking
C. have fun D. broaden the range of knowledge
﹡(二)
I learned English in
At the American airport, I was looking for a public telephone to tell my friend Danny that I had arrived. A worker asked if he could help me. “Yes,” I said, “I want to give my friend a ring.” “ Well, that’s nice. Are you getting married?” he asked. “No,” I replied. “ I just want to tell her on the phone I have arrived. ” “Oh,” he said, “There is a phone downstairs on the first floor.” “But we’re in the first floor now,” I said. “Well, I don’t know what you are talking about. Maybe you aren’t feeling too well after your journey,” he said. “You just go and wash up, and you will feel a lot better.” And he went off, leaving me wondering where on earth I was: at home we wash up after a meal to get the cups and plates clean. How can I wash up at an airport?
At last we did meet. Danny explained the misunderstanding: Americans say “to give someone a call,” but we English say “to give somebody a ring ”. When we say “to wash your hands and face ”, they say “to wash up”. And Englishmen start numbering from the ground floor, so the first floor is the second for Americans.
1. In American English “wash up” means ______.
A. wash cups, plates and so on
B. wash your body with water
C. drink from a clean cup
D. wash your hands and face
2. We learn from the passage that the writer went to America______.
A. to meet his future wife
B. to spend his holiday
C. to marry an American
D. to learn American English
3. Both the English and Americans say “give somebody a ring”_____.
A. but they mean two different things
B. and they mean the same thing
C. and they understand each other
D. and they never misunderstand
4. If an American was in
A. sixth B. seventh C. eighth D. ninth
【试题答案】
Ⅰ. 1~5 CCBBC 6~10 ACCDB 11~15 DDBBA
Ⅱ. 1~5 CCDAD 6~10 BADCB 11~15ABBCD 16~20 ACBDC
Ⅲ. (一)ACBC (二)DBAC